Pessimism is an inclination to emphasize negative aspects, conditions, and possibilities; or to expect the worst possible outcome

In Indonesia, 54 percent of working-age women are active in the labor force compared to 82 percent of working-age men. This statistic has been relatively stagnant for the last 20 years and has impacted Indonesia’s productivity rate and overall economic growth. Until 2023, no significant attempts have been done by Indonesian government to improve the participation of women in workforce other than basic affirmative actions like maternity leave.

Over recent times, Israel and Saudi Arabia (with the help of US) has been negotiating an agreement to normalize relations between the two states. It is said that the deal would include a US-Saudi defense pact, as well as assistance from the US in Saudi's civilian nuclear programme. However, there had been concerns in regards to how this deal would affect the two state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict.

As per 2023, space tourism has gained many attentions as for its development that uses engines that utilizes different types of fuels, but always ends up generating a lot of carbon emission. Space tourism includes rocket launch, stargazing, traveling to a space-centric destination, and etc.

For the purposes of this debate, "fragmentation of social media" refers to the phenomenon wherein the usage of social media is becoming much more decentralized and less focused on one platform that acts as a "Global Town Hall" for all the world to use and interact with each other. The clearest example of this phenomenon is the decreasing numbers of users on Twitter, who, for a variety of different reasons (be it personal/political), opted to escape to alternative sites such as Bluesky, Threads, The Truth, and Mastodon.